The intensity of cropping, therefore, refers to raising a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year. It can be expressed as. 2. It is very important for the UPSC CSE/. Crop rotation planning factors to consider include: 1. Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of crops in the same field during one agriculture year. Most of the existing studies have defined cropping intensity as cropping frequency (single cropping or double cropping, etc.) The cropping intensity may exceed 100% where more than one crop is harvested each year. Multiple cropping which include both inter and sequential cropping has the main objective of intensification of cropping with the available resources in a given environment. What is cropping intensity? All sites were under conventionally tilled, Optical remote sensing has revolutionized our ability to map CI over large areas in a repeated and cost-efficient manner. pmindia Therefore, only country average intensities can be used. For example, village papers are not prepared for the forest areas but the magnitude of such area is known. It is used both in greenhouses and open fields, particularly in intensive crop systems. effects of cropping intensity and topography on productivity and soil properties in no-till dryland farming systems of the High Plains of Colorado. Crop intensification technique includes intercropping, relay cropping, sequential cropping, ratoon cropping, etc. For example cropping intensity may be 5 kgs per metre squared. Higher the index, greater is the efficiency of land use. Another example is that doubling the cropping intensity increases production without changing either the planted area or yield. . For example, in the maize crop system, maize is the dominant crop which is grown in association with other crops. Also there are tracts in many States for which no village paper exists. This increase in cropping intensity is credited for much of the food production gains achieved over the past 50 years across India. The index of cropping intensity is 100 if one crop has been grown in a year and it is 200 if two crops are raised. Results and Discussion This chapter deals mainly with the findings of the present study i.e. Cropping intensity (CI) is an index of single or double cropping. The index levels in the more labor intensive locales in Southeast Asia do not . sample size. In global studies these measures are aggregated to an average . In recent decades, there have been substantial increases in crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a result of higher yields, increased cropping intensity, expansion of irrigated cropping systems, and rainfed cropland expansion. The crop system is a subsystem of cropping system. July 23 rd 2019 Cropping intensity is defined as the seasonal area cropped divided by the command area. cropping intensity. However, research with spring crops, and in particular with no-till in the dry areas of the inland Pacific . Yet, to date much of the research focus of the impact of climate change on crop production in the coming decades has been on crop yield responses. For example, a water intense deep -rooted crop would be put on soil that was left relatively moist by the previous low-water intensity crop However, agricultural intensification (e.g., increasing cropping intensity) has associated environmental conse- farm structure, cropping pattern, investment on farm, cropping intensity, cost of cultivation, measures of costs and farm incomes, regression analysis, marginal value productivities, extent of It thus indicates the additional percentage share of the area sown more than once to NSA. Various measures to raise cropping intensity are discussed below: 1. Human translations with examples: तीव्रता, तीव्रता, तीव्रता . It is (Gross cropped area / Net sown area) x 100). The cropping intensity of different size group of farms, which was found highest on marginal farms (221.22 per cent) followed by small (202.47 per cent), medium (190.17 per cent), and large farms (182.48 per cent), respectively. As a key input variable to many global climates, land surfaces and crop models, cropping intensity (CI) accurately assesses and predicts crops' output, in view of the global decline in food production in recent years due to declining natural resources, urban expansion and declining quality of arable land. Cropping Intensity is how much yield can be obtained from a certain amount of land. Irrigation: Irrigation has played an important role in raising the cropping intensity in northern states where it has risen considerably. The use of spring cropping in combination with no-till sowing would appear to offer the best approach for increasing cropping intensity, improving soil quality, and controlling erosion in the conventional fallow areas (Papendick, 1998). [4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] or MCI (multiple crop indexes) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. -Studies in the past attempted to evaluate the impact of new farm technology on these two variables. Cropping Systems : Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm . These cropping intensity maps can also be used to enable identification of various crop In such cases, estimates of . Thus, the cropping patterns are beneficial in improving the fertility of the soil, thereby, increasing the yield of the crops. Cropping intensity is higher in intensive cropping system. Sequence and double cropping increase cropping intensity, but intercropping may also be an effective technique for improving productivity per unit area. On the other . Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area / Net Sown Area x 100. It is defined as relative land area under sole cropping to produce the yield from one hectare in intercropping. Multiple Cropping Index or Multiple Cropping Intensity (MCI): It is the ratio of total area cropped in a year to the land area available for cultivation and expressed in %. 1) The time available for seedbed preparation is less in high intensity cropping system. Cropping intensity gap Potential cropping intensity Actual cropping intensity Harvest area gap ABSTRACT To feed the world's growing population, more food needs to be produced using currently available cropland. To achieve this, the spatio-temporal dynamics of cropping intensity are essential information for agricultural production. EurLex-2 — Drip irrigation for intensive cropping systems (row crops). It may be measured by the formula-gross cropped area/net sown area x 100. . The plots were cultivated to maize-cassava intercrop every year (100% cropping intensity), after 2 years of fallow (33% cropping intensity) and after 3 years of fallow (25% cropping intensity). Order all pairs by runoff formation per hydrological year 3. For example field preparation after rice is difficult, it is mainly because soil structure is destroyed during puddling. Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of crops in the same field during one agriculture year. Cropping Intensity : It is the ratio of Net Area Sown to the Total Cropped Area. Cropping frequency is a hard division of crop pattern that can lead to much information loss. sample size. Currently, the main goal of agriculture is to support the achievement of food security in a sustainable way through the improvement of use efficiency of farm resources, increasing crop yield and quality, under climate change conditions. However, existing methods are usually based on machine learning and are highly reliant on training samples. Fig. Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area / Net Sown Area x 100 Gross sown area is the cumulative area (sown more than once) which was cultivated within a year by various crops. S1 . Based on field-scale sample data, the annual cropping intensity maps for the study areas had overall accuracy rates of 89-99%, with Kappa coefficients of 0.76-0.91. Answer (1 of 2): Crop Density is just the number of plants within a given sample unit area or say per metre square. Match all exact any words . 3 ( a) Validation sample distribution in 2001, for example; ( b) proportions. It can be expressed as. In the high irrigated area the cropping intensity is found high and in the low irrigated areacropping intensity is found low. They are: Double cropping: growing two crops per year in sequence, for instance, rice followed by wheat or potato or mustard; maize followed by groundnut; wheat followed by cotton. Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year; it can be expressed through a formula. Similarly, although decreased over time, there are wide interstate differences in irrigation intensity vis-à-vis agricultural intensification and crop diversification. Mapping paddy rice fields and cropping intensity using google earth engine Miao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, FuyouTian, Chong Liu Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 31.3 Assessment of land use and productivity in high intensity cropping programme. For example, we might expect . High intensity cropping needs application of very high input levels and a slight mistake may lead to severe losses. Similarly in the eastern states of Bengal, Assam, Orissa, rice is the base crop but jute and tea . If for example the 75,000 acres is the cropped area during Rabi out of total command area of 100,000 acres, then CI for Rabi was reposted to correct for coding errors that resulted in the miscalculation of some estimates for conservation cropping, cover crops, and other practices that affect crop residue. Examples include: 1. Tillage Intensity and Conservation Cropping in the United States . Mapping cropping intensity of smallholder farms: A comparison of methods using multiple sensors Meha Jain a,⁎, Pinki Mondal a, Ruth S. DeFries a, Christopher Small b, Gillian L. Galford a,c a Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA b Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA Specifically, Figure 3, Figure 4, Table 1a, and Table 1b have been replaced. We observe that the dominant cropping pattern in the 1980s was production of paddy followed by keeping the land fallow. It is (Gross cropped area / Net sown area) x 100). In this pilot study, we report annual cropping intensity maps for 2017 at 30-m spatial resolution over seven study areas selected according to agro-climatic zones in China. Hovever,, ,. 4a) increased NDVI intensity crop crop irrigated after the crop was transplanted, around day of year (DOY) rain . Four types of sequential cropping are generally practiced. cropping intensity on Lentil growing sample farms in Lakhimpur (Kheri) district of Uttar Pradesh, India Uma Shankar, GP Singh, Riyaz Ahmad, Vikas Singh Sengar, Kamal Kishore and Baijnath Chaudhary Abstract Lentil is an important crop with the view of food and nutritional value and income & employment generation ability, possibility to raise the . CROPPING PATTERN BY IRRIGATION STATUS. pairs of runoff and cropping intensity. Cropping intensity is defined as a ratio between net sown area (NSA) and gross cropped area (GCA). Common examples of alley cropping plantings include wheat, corn, soybeans or hay planted in between rows of black walnut or pecan trees. In Egypt, cropping intensity nearly doubled in farmer-managed irrigation systems, . Figure 3 is an example of samples obtained in 2001 and all cropping intensity value statistics from 2001 to 2019. For e.g. farms, for example, are now comparatively mechanized, occupying 42 per-cent of the labor force, compared with 70 percent for Southeast Asia'as a whole. 9. Abstract. Crop type and duration on the soil. Enhancing cropping intensity is one strategy for increasing crop productivity. Although only a slight trend of increased arthropods with cropping intensity was observed, we acknowledge that our single time-point sampling does not capture the high seasonal and annual variability in macrofauna populations (Berg & Bengtsson, 2007; Doblas-Miranda, Sánchez-Piñero, & González-Megías, 2007). The overall accuracy of the annual cropping intensity maps was 93%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.84. This article focussed on the present status of irrigation and cropping pattern on block basis in the Uttar Dinajpur district, in West Bengal, India. Results and Discussion This chapter deals mainly with the findings of the present study i.e. crops. Conforming changes The special case of Optical remote sensing has revolutionized our ability to map CI over large areas in a repeated and cost-efficient manner. However, because of high rates of extraction, aquifers are rapidly becoming depleted across much of India, with the northwest and south predicted to have critically low groundwater availability by 2025 (fig. farm structure, cropping pattern, investment on farm, cropping intensity, cost of cultivation, measures of costs and farm incomes, regression analysis, marginal value productivities, extent of The global distribution of cropping intensity (CI) is essential to our understanding of agricultural land use management on Earth. Intoduction to Increasing Crop with Sentence Examples. For example, inferences from 1 Weather risk in this study is measured by variability in rainfall, a major source of weather risk. This lesson starts with a discussion on Cropping Intensity & Crop Rotation | This is for UPSC CSE by Kinjal Choudhary. There are 605 field-plot locations where data on crop type, cropping intensity, water source (irrigated versus rainfed), and a number of other parameters (e.g., crop planting dates and harvest dates) were collected with sample NDVI signatures of rice-growing areas (irrigated-GW-rice-rice- rice-LS, irrigated-GW-rice-fallow-rice-LS, and . Previous studies have mainly focused on investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of CI ranging from regions to the entire globe with . The global distribution of cropping intensity (CI) is essential to our understanding of agricultural land use management on Earth. Intensification occurs in systems with multiple harvests of the same crop, for example in some Asian rice-based systems, while other systems are more diverse with different types of crops grown at the same time or in a sequence and interacting with each other. The overall average of cropping intensity on sample farms was worked out to 192.55 percent. Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area / Net Sown Area x 100 Thus, higher cropping intensity means that a higher proportion of the net sown area is being cropped more than once during one agricultural year. Yet the cropping intensity in Taiwan is far greater than in any part of Southeast Asia, about 175 (Chao, 1975). Cropping pattern is influenced by a host of factors. Cropping intensity can also be measured as the number of harvests and referred to as the multiple cropping index (e.g. Irrigation helps raise the cropping intensity by enabling raising, of crops during the dry season also. India has the largest acreage of land under irrigation. Wheat fallow rotation (one crop in 2 years) 3. For instance, if a farmer owns 5acre land and he takes two crops per year, one kharif and one rabi. It ensures crop protection and availability of nutrients to the crops. The effect of cropping intensity on surface cast production by earthworms was studied more than 4 years in an alley cropping system. 2) Due to prevent crop field may be in condition. The cropping patterns are affected by changes in agrarian policy, availability of agricultural inputs, improvement in technology. • Hence, an assessment of impact of credit on cropping pattern and cropping . Thus, cropping intensity in space dimension is achieved. Under this situation, cropping intensity is 200 percent. For example, cropping intensity maps indicate how many crops have been cultivated within a year Xiang et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2019), yet they largely ignored the varied crop types. Cropping intensity and arable land The cropping intensity is the fraction of the arable area that is harvested. Cropping systems with intermediate water intensity will also alternate between low water intensity crops and high water intensity crops. An examination of the cropping pattern and cropping intensity by irrigation status would provide another dimension to the issue under discussion. Double cropping a row crop fol-lowing winter wheat (two crops in 1 year) Increased cropping intensity can be Examples/Types of Sequential cropping. Unfortunately, data are not available to produce estimates by crop.
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